National Foundation Day in Japan: Celebrating the Origins of a Nation

Every year on February 11, Japan observes National Foundation Day, a public holiday dedicated to reflecting on the country’s origins, history, and cultural identity. Known in Japanese as Kenkoku Kinen no Hi (建国記念の日, National Foundation Day), this quiet yet meaningful holiday offers insight into how Japan understands its beginnings and its enduring sense of nationhood. While the day is not marked by large festivals or fireworks, it carries deep historical and symbolic importance. For travelers and culture lovers, it is a wonderful opportunity to experience Japan at a slower pace and to engage with the stories and values that shape the country today.

What Is National Foundation Day?

National Foundation Day commemorates the mythical founding of Japan and the accession of its first emperor. According to ancient chronicles, Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Japan’s first emperor) ascended to the throne on February 11 in 660 BCE. This event is recorded in early historical texts such as Kojiki (古事記, Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihon Shoki (日本書紀, Chronicles of Japan), which blend mythology, legend, and early history.

Rather than celebrating a political constitution or modern independence, Japan’s National Foundation Day focuses on the idea of national identity itself. It is a day to think about what it means to be a nation and how shared history and culture connect people across generations.

A Brief History of the Holiday

The origins of National Foundation Day trace back to the Meiji era, when it was originally celebrated as Kigensetsu (紀元節, Empire Day). This holiday emphasized the divine lineage of the emperor and the founding myths of the nation. After World War II, Kigensetsu was abolished as part of broader reforms.

In 1966, the holiday was reinstated under its current name, National Foundation Day, with a renewed focus on cultural reflection rather than state ideology. The modern observance emphasizes respect for tradition, love of country, and an appreciation of peace, while avoiding the nationalism associated with its earlier form.

How National Foundation Day Is Observed Today

National Foundation Day is generally a calm and reflective holiday. Most people enjoy a day off work, spend time with family, or take a short trip. Government offices, schools, and many businesses are closed, while shops, restaurants, and tourist attractions usually remain open.

Some people choose to visit shrines, especially Kashihara Jingu (橿原神宮, shrine dedicated to Emperor Jimmu) in Nara Prefecture, which is closely associated with the founding legend. Others watch the annual ceremony held by the imperial household, which is broadcast on television. You may also notice Japanese flags displayed outside homes or public buildings. These gestures are typically understated and respectful, reflecting the subdued nature of the holiday.

Cultural and Seasonal Context

National Foundation Day falls in mid-February, a time when winter is slowly giving way to the first signs of spring. In many regions, plum blossoms begin to bloom, adding a quiet sense of renewal to the season. This natural transition mirrors the theme of beginnings that the holiday represents.

For travelers, February is an appealing time to visit Japan. Popular destinations are less crowded, seasonal foods like nabe (鍋, hot pot dishes) are at their peak, and the crisp air makes for pleasant sightseeing. National Foundation Day fits naturally into this slower, more contemplative time of year.

Why National Foundation Day Matters

National Foundation Day is less about a single historical fact and more about a shared narrative. By looking back to ancient stories recorded in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, Japan acknowledges the myths and memories that continue to shape its cultural identity. 

For visitors, this holiday offers a subtle yet meaningful glimpse into how Japan balances tradition, history, and modern life. It reminds us that understanding a country is not only about its famous landmarks or cuisine, but also about the stories it chooses to remember and honor. Whether you experience it through a quiet shrine visit, a museum stop, or simply by enjoying a peaceful winter day, National Foundation Day offers a thoughtful moment to connect with Japan’s deep sense of continuity and belonging.

Featured Photo Credit: Uino

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